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The number of patients that were prescribed at least one package of SC/year and their package numbers/year were similar in males/females, across age groups and in "non-frequent exacerbators" with the 4 LABA/LAMAs. Prescriptions for systemic corticosteroids (SC), antibiotics and salbutamol during one year of LABA/LAMA treatment were analyzed.Ī better adherence was found in individuals taking IND/GLY (10.42 ± 1.86 packages/year) compared with UM/VI (10.09 ± 1.9 p = 0.008), ACLI/FOR (9.8 ± 1.8 p = 0.001) and TIO/OLO (10.1 ± 2.1 p = 0.047). We searched for subjects (1,779) adherent to umeclidinium/vilanterol (UM/VI), indacaterol/glycopyrronium (IND/GLY), aclidinium/formoterol (ACLI/FOR) and tiotropium/olodaterol (TIO/OLO) treatments in our prescribing/dispensing database. This real-life database study aimed to evaluate retrospectively the 4 LABA/LAMA effectiveness and highlight possible specificities that could better guide us in choosing the right LABA/LAMA to be used. Given COPD heterogeneity, we do not know if some LABA/LAMAs are more suitable for some COPD phenotypes. 10 Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.9 Pneumology Department, Azienda USL Toscana Sud-Est, "Misericordia" Hospital, Grosseto, Italy.8 Division of Pneumology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, AOU Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy.7 Experimental Medicine and Systems, "PhD Program" Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy Respiratory Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.

6 Pulmonology and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy.5 Cardiology Department, "Misericordia" Hospital, Grosseto, USL Tuscany South-East, Italy.4 Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, USL Tuscany South-East, Italy.3 Medical Management Department, Azienda USL Toscana Sud-Est, "Misericordia" Hospital, Grosseto, Italy.Electronic address: 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, Azienda USL Toscana Sud-Est, "Misericordia" Hospital, Grosseto, Italy. 1 Pneumology Department, Azienda USL Toscana Sud-Est, "Misericordia" Hospital, Grosseto, Italy Experimental Medicine and Systems, "PhD Program" Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy.